In November 2021, a Taiwanese Representative Office was opened in Lithuania, important because it is for the first time that Taiwan was authorized to use its name to open an office within the EU. Following this, China has weakened its diplomatic associations with Lithuania, calling it a violation of the “One China Policy”.

What is the ‘One China’ policy?

The One China policy is the recognition in the US of the long-held position in Beijing that there is only one China, and Taiwan is part of that.
Any country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with Beijing must accept there is only “One China”.
As a part of the policy, Washington maintains a strong, non-official relationship with Taiwan, including continued arms sales to the island.
The One China policy is also different from the “One China principle”, which is the principle that insists both Taiwan and mainland China are hallowed parts of a single “China”
India has refused to approve the “one-China” policy since 2010
As long as negotiations between the US and China do not see the emergence of a G2, India should probably cautiously welcome it. It should simultaneously strengthen its ties with all the major global powers, including the US, Russia, China, and Japan.
For India to agree to a one-China policy, China should reaffirm a one-India policy.

Taiwan, the U.S., and the EU have expressed their support to Lithuania in what has been termed as a “David vs Goliath” battle. (The phrase ‘David vs Goliath’ is generally used to refer to a situation in which a small person or organization defeats a larger one in a surprising way).

Important points related to China-Lithuania

Lithuania’s recent surge of aggressive moves against China to an actual extent has been associated with the change of government in 2020, as well as the growing geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe over EU and NATO’s fallout with Lithuania’s hostile neighbors, Russia and Belarus.

Lithuania, being the first constituent of the Soviet Union to break out as an independent state, has its historical context and idealistic motive for standing up to China.

Lithuania quits China’s 17+1 cooperation forum

Lithuania has called it “divisive”. It has also urged fellow EU members to pursue “a much more effective 27+1 approach and communication with China.”

What is the “17+1” initiative?

The 17+1 initiative is a China-led format founded in 2012 in Budapest with an aim to expand cooperation between Beijing and the Central and Eastern European (CEE) member countries, with investments and trade for the development of the CEE region.

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